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-
-
-
- Network Working Group Stan Hanks
- INTERNET DRAFT Technology Transfer Associates
- Tony Li
- Dino Farinacci
- Paul Traina
- cisco Systems
- September 8, 1993
-
-
- Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
- not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is
- unlimited.
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
- other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working
- draft" or "work in progress".
-
-
- Introduction
-
- A number of different proposals [RFC 1234, RFC 1226] currently exist
- for the encapsulation of one protocol over another protocol. Other
- types of encapsulations [RFC 1241, SDRP, IDPR] have been proposed for
- transporting IP over IP for policy purposes. This memo describes a
- protocol which is very similar to, but is more general than, the
- above proposals. In attempting to be more general, many protocol
- specific nuances have been ignored. The result is that this proposal
- is may be less suitable for a situation where a specific "X over Y"
- encapsulation has been described. It is the attempt of this protocol
- to provide a simple, general purpose mechanism which is reduces the
- problem of encapsulation from its current O(n^2) problem to a more
- manageable state. This proposal also attempts to provide a
- lightweight encapsulation for use in policy based routing. This memo
- explicitly does not address the issue of when a packet should be
- encapsulated. This memo acknowledges, but does not address problems
- with mutual encapsulation. [RFC 1326]
-
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 1]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- In the most general case, a system has a packet that needs to be
- encapsulated and routed. We will call this the payload packet. The
- payload is first encapsulated in a GRE packet, which possibly also
- includes a route. The resulting GRE packet can then be encapsulated
- in some other protocol and then forwarded. We will call this outer
- protocol the delivery protocol. The algorithms for processing this
- packet are discussed later.
-
-
- Overall packet
-
- The entire encapsulated packet would then have the form:
-
-
- ---------------------------------
- | |
- | Delivery Header |
- | |
- ---------------------------------
- | |
- | GRE Header |
- | |
- ---------------------------------
- | |
- | Payload packet |
- | |
- ---------------------------------
-
-
- Packet header
-
- The GRE packet header has the form:
-
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |C|R|K|S|s| Flags | Ver | Protocol Type |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Checksum (optional) | Offset (optional) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Key (optional) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Sequence Number (optional) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Routing (optional)
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 2]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- Flags and version (2 octets)
-
- The GRE flags are encoded in the first two octets. Bit 0 is the
- most significant bit, bit 15 is the least significant bit. Bits
- 13 through 15 are reserved for the Version field. Bits 5 through
- 12 are reserved for future use and MUST be transmitted as zero.
-
- Checksum Present (bit 0)
-
- If the Checksum Present bit is set to 1, then the Checksum field
- is present and contains valid information.
-
- If either the Checksum Present bit or the Routing Present bit are
- set, BOTH the Checksum and Offset fields are present in the GRE
- packet.
-
- Routing Present (bit 1)
-
- If the Routing Present bit is set to 1, then it indicates that the
- Offset and Routing fields are present and contain valid
- information.
-
- If either the Checksum Present bit or the Routing Present bit are
- set, BOTH the Checksum and Offset fields are present in the GRE
- packet.
-
- Key Present (bit 2)
-
- If the Key Present bit is set to 1, then it indicates that the Key
- field is present in the GRE header. Otherwise, the Key field is
- not present in the GRE header.
-
- Sequence Number Present (bit 3)
-
- If the Sequence Number Present bit is set to 1, then it indicates
- that the Sequence Number field is present. Otherwise, the
- Sequence Number field is not present in the GRE header.
-
- Strict Source Route (bit 4)
-
- The meaning of the Strict Source route bit is defined in other
- documents. It is recommended that this bit only be set to 1 if
- all of the the Routing Information consists of Strict Source
- Routes.
-
- Version Number (bits 13-15)
-
- The Version Number field MUST contain the value 0. Other values
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 3]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- are outside of the scope of this document.
-
- Protocol Type (2 octets)
-
- The Protocol Type field contains the protocol type of the payload
- packet. In general, the value will be the Ethernet protocol type
- field for the packet. Currently defined protocol types are listed
- below. Additional values may be defined in other documents.
-
- Offset (2 octets)
-
- The offset field indicates the octet offset from the start of the
- Routing field to the first octet of the active Source Route Entry
- to be examined. This field is present if the Routing Present or
- the Checksum Present bit is set to 1, and contains valid
- information only if the Routing Present bit is set to 1.
-
- Checksum (2 octets)
-
- The Checksum field contains the IP (one's complement) checksum of
- the GRE header and the payload packet. This field is present if
- the Routing Present or the Checksum Present bit is set to 1, and
- contains valid information only if the Checksum Present bit is set
- to 1.
-
- Key (4 octets)
-
- The Key field contains a four octet number which was inserted by
- the encapsulator. It may be used by the receiver to authenticate
- the source of the packet. The techniques for determining
- authenticity are outside of the scope of this document. The Key
- field is only present if the Key Present field is set to 1.
-
- Sequence Number (4 octets)
-
- The Sequence Number field contains an unsigned 32 bit integer
- which is inserted by the encapsulator. It may be used by the
- receiver to establish the order in which packets have been
- transmitted from the encapsulator to the receiver. The exact
- algorithms for the generation of the Sequence Number and the
- semantics of their reception is outside of the scope of this
- document.
-
- Routing (variable)
-
- The Routing field is optional and is present only if the Routing
- Present bit is set to 1.
-
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 4]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- The Routing field is a list of Source Route Entries (SREs). Each
- SRE has the form:
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Address Family | SRE Offset | SRE Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Routing Information ...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- The routing field is terminated with a "NULL" SRE containing an
- address family of type 0x0000 and a length of 0.
-
- Address Family (2 octets)
-
- The Address Family field contains a 15 bit value which indicates
- the syntax and semantics of the Routing Information field. The
- values for this field and the corresponding syntax and semantics
- for Routing Information are defined in other documents.
-
- SRE Offset (1 octet) The SRE Offset field indicates the octet
- offset from the start of the Routing Information field to the
- first octet of the active entry in Source Route Entry to be
- examined.
-
- SRE Length (1 octet)
-
- The SRE Length field contains the number of octets in the SRE. If
- the SRE Length is 0, this indicates this is the last SRE in the
- Routing field.
-
- Routing Information (variable)
-
- The Routing Information field contains data which may be used in
- routing this packet. The exact semantics of this field is defined
- in other documents.
-
-
-
- Forwarding of GRE packets
-
-
- Normally, a system which is forwarding delivery layer packets will
- not differentiate GRE packets from other packets in any way.
- However, a GRE packet may be received by a system. In this case, the
- system should use some delivery-specific means to determine that this
- is a GRE packet. Once this is determined, the Key, Sequence Number
- and Checksum fields if they contain valid information as indicated by
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 5]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- the corresponding flags may be checked. If the Routing Present bit
- is set to 1, then the Address Family field should be checked to
- determine the semantics and use of the SRE Length, SRE Offset and
- Routing Information fields. The exact semantics for processing a SRE
- for each Address Family is defined in other documents.
-
- Once all SREs have been processed, then the source route is complete,
- the GRE header should be removed, the payload's TTL MUST be
- decremented (if one exists) and the payload packet should be
- forwarded as a normal packet. The exact forwarding method depends on
- the Protocol Type field.
-
-
-
- Current List of Protocol Types
-
-
- The following are currently assigned protocol types for GRE. Since
- this is considered a differnet media type, there is no need for
- multiple encapsulations based upon media type. If there are multiple
- encapsulation methods for various media types, the ethertype should
- be used. Selection for encodings are made according to this scheme:
-
- 1. Use the DIX ethernet encoding (e.g. 0x0800 = IP)
-
- 2. If the protocol is encoded with the SNAP LSAP, use the
- SNAP protocol ID field (ethernet encoding). (e.g. 0x0800 = IP)
-
- 3. Use 00 followed by the LSAP (e.g. 0x00FE = OSI network layer)
-
- 4. Full SNAP encoding with a non zero OUI field is reserved for
- proprietary use. In this case, 0x00AA should be used for the
- GRE protocol type and the OUI and additional encodings immediately
- follow the GRE header.
-
- These values have been computed using this scheme and MUST be used to
- identify the following protocols:
-
- Protocol Family PTYPE
- --------------- -----
- SNA 0004
- SNAP encoding (OUI follows GRE) 00AA
- OSI network layer 00FE
- PUP 0200
- XNS 0600
- IP 0800
- Chaos 0804
- RFC 826 ARP 0806
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 6]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- Frame Relay ARP 0808
- VINES 0BAD
- VINES Echo 0BAE
- VINES Loopback 0BAF
- DECnet (Phase IV) 6003
- Ethertalk 809B
- Apollo Domain 8019
- Novell IPX 8137
-
- In addition, the following values are specified:
-
- Reserved 0000
- Transparent Ethernet Bridging 6558
- Raw Frame Relay 6559
- IP Autonomous Systems fffe
- Reserved FFFF
-
-
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security considerations are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- The authors would like to acknowledge Yakov Rekhter (IBM) and Deborah
- Estrin (USC) for their advice, encouragement and insightful comments.
-
-
- Authors' Addresses:
-
- Stanley P. Hanks
- Technology Transfer Associates
- P.O. Box 2087
- Bellaire TX, 77402
- stan@tta.com
-
-
- Tony Li
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 1525 O'Brien Drive
- Menlo Park, CA 94025
- tli@cisco.com
-
-
- Dino Farinacci
- cisco Systems, Inc.
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 7]
-
- Internet Draft August 1993
-
-
- 1525 O'Brien Drive
- Menlo Park, CA 94025
- dino@cisco.com
-
-
- Paul Traina
- cisco Systems, Inc.
- 1525 O'Brien Drive
- Menlo Park, CA 94025
- pst@cisco.com
-
-
- References
-
-
- IDPR
- Steenstrup, M. "Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol Specification:
- Version 1". Work in progress.
-
- RFC 1226
- Kantor, B. "Internet protocol encapsulation of AX.25 frames", May
- 1991
-
- RFC 1234
- Provan, D. "Tunneling IPX Traffic through IP Networks". June 1991
-
- RFC 1241
- Woodburn, R.A.; Mills, D.L. "Scheme for an internet encapsulation
- protocol: Version 1". July 1991
-
- RFC 1326
- Tsuchiya, P. "Mutual Encapsulation Considered Dangerous". May 1992
-
- SDRP
- Estrin, D., Li, T., Rekhter, Y. "Source Demand Routing Protocol
- Specification (Version 1)". Work in progress.
-
- GRE-IP
- Hanks, S., Li, T., Farinacci, D., Traina, P. "Generic Routing
- Encapsulation over IPv4 networks". Work in progress.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Expiration Date February 1994 [Page 8]
-
-